Publications
Current publications of the lab can be found here .
2022
Poonaki E, Kahlert UD, Meuth SG, Gorji A. The role of the ZEB1-neuroinflammation axis in CNS disorders. J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Nov 19;19(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02636-2. PMID: 36402997; PMCID: PMC9675144.
Shi W, Chen Z, Liu H, Miao C, Feng R, Wang G, Chen G, Chen Z, Fan P, Pang W, Li C. COL11A1 as an novel biomarker for breast cancer with machine learning and immunohistochemistry validation. Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 31;13:937125. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937125. PMID: 36389832; PMCID: PMC9660229.
Kahlert UD, Shi W, Strecker M, Scherpinski LA, Wartmann T, Dölling M, Perrakis A, Relja B, Mengoni M, Braun A, Croner RS. COL10A1 allows stratification of invasiveness of colon cancer and associates to extracellular matrix and immune cell enrichment in the tumor parenchyma. Front Oncol. 2022 Oct 4;12:1007514. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1007514. PMID: 36267978; PMCID: PMC9577326.
Lenk L, Winterberg D, Vogiatzi F, Laqua A, Spory L, Mayar A, Dietterle A, Münch G, Vokuhl C, Richter J, Polson AG, Schüler T, Kahlert UD, Peipp M, Valerius T, Schrappe M, Cario G, Jumaa H, Hobeika E, Brüggemann M, Alsadeq A, Schewe DM. Preclinical Evidence for the Efficacy of CD79b Immunotherapy in B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Hemasphere. 2022 Jul 15;6(8):e754. doi: 10.1097/HS9.0000000000000754. PMID: 35935606; PMCID: PMC9351922.
Qian C, Xiufu W, Jianxun T, Zihao C, Wenjie S, Jingfeng T, Kahlert UD, Renfei D. A Novel Extracellular Matrix Gene-Based Prognostic Model to Predict Overall Survive in Patients With Glioblastoma. Front Genet. 2022 Jun 17;13:851427. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.851427. PMID: 35783254; PMCID: PMC9247148.
Chen Z, Feng R, Kahlert UD, Chen Z, Torres-Dela Roche LA, Soliman A, Miao C, De Wilde RL, Shi W. Construction of ceRNA Networks Associated With CD8 T Cells in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol. 2022 Jun 9;12:883197. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883197. PMID: 35756601; PMCID: PMC9219915.
Sander T, Ghanawi J, Wilson E, Muhammad S, Macleod M, Kahlert UD. Meta-analysis on reporting practices as a source of heterogeneity in in vitro cancer research. BMJ Open Sci. 2022 Jun 1;6(1):e100272. doi: 10.1136/bmjos-2021-100272. PMID: 35721833; PMCID: PMC9171230.
Kebir S, Lazaridis L, Wick W, Platten M, Tabatabai G, Combs SE, Schmidt T, Agkatsev S, Blau T, Mäurer I, Kahlert U, Sagerer A, Berberich A, Heider S, Müther M, Bodensohn R, Behling F. Gender disparity regarding work-life balance satisfaction among German neuro-oncologists: a YoungNOA survey. Neuro Oncol. 2022 Sep 1;24(9):1609-1611. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noac114. PMID: 35639965; PMCID: PMC9435481.
Poonaki E, Nickel AC, Shafiee Ardestani M, Rademacher L, Kaul M, Apartsin E, Meuth SG, Gorji A, Janiak C, Kahlert UD. CD133-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as a Carrier Platform for Telaglenastat (CB-839) against Tumor Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 13;23(10):5479. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105479. PMID: 35628289; PMCID: PMC9141725.
Knauer N, Arkhipova V, Li G, Hewera M, Pashkina E, Nguyen PH, Meschaninova M, Kozlov V, Zhang W, Croner RS, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Apartsin EK, Kahlert UD. In Vitro Validation of the Therapeutic Potential of Dendrimer-Based Nanoformulations against Tumor Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 19;23(10):5691. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105691. PMID: 35628503; PMCID: PMC9143703.
Chen J, Torres-de la Roche LA, Kahlert UD, Isachenko V, Huang H, Hennefründ J, Yan X, Chen Q, Shi W, Li Y. Artificial Ovary for Young Female Breast Cancer Patients. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 17;9:837022. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.837022. PMID: 35372399; PMCID: PMC8969104.
Shi W, Li C, Wartmann T, Kahlert C, Du R, Perrakis A, Brunner T, Croner RS, Kahlert UD. Sensory Ion Channel Candidates Inform on the Clinical Course of Pancreatic Cancer and Present Potential Targets for Repurposing of FDA-Approved Agents. J Pers Med. 2022 Mar 16;12(3):478. doi: 10.3390/jpm12030478. PMID: 35330477; PMCID: PMC8950951.
Uhlmann C, Nickel AC, Picard D, Rossi A, Li G, Hildebrandt B, Brockerhoff G, Bendt F, Hübenthal U, Hewera M, Steiger HJ, Wieczorek D, Perrakis A, Zhang W, Remke M, Koch K, Tigges J, Croner RS, Fritsche E, Kahlert UD. Progenitor cells derived from gene-engineered human induced pluripotent stem cells as synthetic cancer cell alternatives for in vitro pharmacology. Biotechnol J. 2022 Jun;17(6):e2100693. doi: 10.1002/biot.202100693. Epub 2022 Apr 3. PMID: 35334498.
Apartsin EK, Knauer N, Kahlert UD, Caminade AM. Amphiphilic Triazine-Phosphorus Metallodendrons Possessing Anti-Cancer Stem Cell Activity. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Feb 10;14(2):393. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020393. PMID: 35214126; PMCID: PMC8880151.
Mishra K, Péter M, Nardiello AM, Keller G, Llado V, Fernandez-Garcia P, Kahlert UD, Barasch D, Saada A, Török Z, Balogh G, Escriba PV, Piotto S, Kakhlon O. Multifaceted Analyses of Isolated Mitochondria Establish the Anticancer Drug 2-Hydroxyoleic Acid as an Inhibitor of Substrate Oxidation and an Activator of Complex IV-Dependent State 3 Respiration. Cells. 2022 Feb 7;11(3):578. doi: 10.3390/cells11030578. PMID: 35159387; PMCID: PMC8834245.
Wang D, Jiang H, Wang Z, Huang R, Jiang T, Kahlert UD, Li G, Zhang W. Functional clustering analysis identifies specific subtypes of aldehyde dehydrogenase associated with glioma immunity. Transl Cancer Res. 2021 Dec;10(12):5052-5064. doi: 10.21037/tcr-21-1160. PMID: 35116357; PMCID: PMC8798302.
Ouwens DM, Hewera M, Li G, Di W, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Steiger HJ, Dumitru CA, Sandalcioglu E, Croner RS, Zhang W, Kakhlon O, Kahlert UD. Canonical WNT pathway inhibition reduces ATP synthesis rates in glioblastoma stem cells. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022 Jan 18;27(1):35. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2701035. PMID: 35090340.
Fischer I, Martinez-Dominguez MV, Hänggi D, Kahlert U. Reducing sources of variance in experimental procedures in in vitro research. F1000Res. 2021 Oct 12;10:1037. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73497.2. PMID: 35035893; PMCID: PMC8749900.
2021
Wilms C, Lepka K, Häberlein F, Edwards S, Felsberg J, Pudelko L, Lindenberg TT, Poschmann G, Qin N, Volbracht K, Prozorovski T, Meuth SG, Kahlert UD, Remke M, Aktas O, Reifenberger G, Bräutigam L, Odermatt B, Berndt C. Glutaredoxin 2 promotes SP-1-dependent CSPG4 transcription and migration of wound healing NG2 glia and glioma cells: Enzymatic Taoism. Redox Biol. 2022 Feb;49:102221. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102221. Epub 2021 Dec 21. PMID: 34952462; PMCID: PMC8715126.
Koch K, Hartmann R, Suwala AK, Rios DH, Kamp MA, Sabel M, Steiger HJ, Willbold D, Sharma A, Kahlert UD, Maciaczyk J. Overexpression of Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter xCT Correlates with Nutrient Flexibility and ZEB1 Expression in Highly Clonogenic Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs). Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 29;13(23):6001. doi: 10.3390/cancers13236001. PMID: 34885110; PMCID: PMC8672273.
Di W, Fan W, Wu F, Shi Z, Wang Z, Yu M, Zhai Y, Chang Y, Pan C, Li G, Kahlert UD, Zhang W. Clinical characterization and immunosuppressive regulation of CD161 (KLRB1) in glioma through 916 samples. Cancer Sci. 2022 Feb;113(2):756-769. doi: 10.1111/cas.15236. Epub 2021 Dec 24. PMID: 34881489; PMCID: PMC8819299.
Martinez-Dominguez MV, Zottel A, Šamec N, Jovčevska I, Dincer C, Kahlert UD, Nickel AC. Current Technologies for RNA-Directed Liquid Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Oct 10;13(20):5060. doi: 10.3390/cancers13205060. PMID: 34680210; PMCID: PMC8534233.
Nickel AC, Picard D, Qin N, Wolter M, Kaulich K, Hewera M, Pauck D, Marquardt V, Torga G, Muhammad S, Zhang W, Schnell O, Steiger HJ, Hänggi D, Fritsche E, Her NG, Nam DH, Carro MS, Remke M, Reifenberger G, Kahlert UD. Longitudinal stability of molecular alterations and drug response profiles in tumor spheroid cell lines enables reproducible analyses. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Dec;144:112278. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112278. Epub 2021 Oct 7. PMID: 34628166.
Muhammad S, Chaudhry SR, Kahlert UD, Niemelä M, Hänggi D. Brain Immune Interactions-Novel Emerging Options to Treat Acute Ischemic Brain Injury. Cells. 2021 Sep 15;10(9):2429. doi: 10.3390/cells10092429. PMID: 34572077; PMCID: PMC8472028.
Vargas-Toscano A, Janiak C, Sabel M, Kahlert UD. A Preclinical Pipeline for Translational Precision Medicine-Experiences from a Transdisciplinary Brain Tumor Stem Cell Project. J Pers Med. 2021 Sep 7;11(9):892. doi: 10.3390/jpm11090892. PMID: 34575669; PMCID: PMC8472761.
Khan D, Nickel AC, Jeising S, Uhlmann C, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Fischer I, Kahlert UD. Testing the Stability of Drug Resistance on Cryopreserved, Gene-Engineered Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Sep 11;14(9):919. doi: 10.3390/ph14090919. PMID: 34577619; PMCID: PMC8466661.
Hewera M, Hänggi D, Gerlach B, Kahlert UD. eLabFTW as an Open Science tool to improve the quality and translation of preclinical research. F1000Res. 2021 Apr 16;10:292. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.52157.3. PMID: 34381592; PMCID: PMC8323070.
Chaudhry SR, Kahlert UD, Kinfe TM, Endl E, Dolf A, Niemelä M, Hänggi D, Muhammad S. Differential polarization and activation dynamics of systemic T helper cell subsets after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and during post-SAH complications. Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 9;11(1):14226. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92873-x. PMID: 34244562; PMCID: PMC8270974.
Ahmed H, Khan MA, Kahlert UD, Niemelä M, Hänggi D, Chaudhry SR, Muhammad S. Role of Adaptor Protein Myeloid Differentiation 88 (MyD88) in Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Inflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 18;22(8):4185. doi: 10.3390/ijms22084185. PMID: 33919485; PMCID: PMC8073517.
Nakata S, Yuan M, Rubens JA, Kahlert UD, Maciaczyk J, Raabe EH, Eberhart CG. BCOR Internal Tandem Duplication Expression in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Growth, Invasion, and Expression of PRC2 Targets. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 10;22(8):3913. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083913. PMID: 33920124; PMCID: PMC8070097.
Kamp MA, Malzkorn B, von Sass C, DiMeco F, Hadjipanayis CG, Senft C, Rapp M, Gepfner-Tuma I, Fountas K, Krieg SM, Neukirchen M, Florian IȘ, Schnell O, Mijderwijk HJ, Perin A, Baumgarten P, van Lieshout JH, Thon N, Renovanz M, Kahlert U, Spoor JKH, Hänggi D, McLean AL, Mäurer M, Sarrubbo S, Freyschlag CF, Schmidt NO, Vergani F, Jungk C, Stein M, Forster MT, Weinberg JS, Sinclair J, Belykh E, Bello L, Mandonnet E, Moiyadi A, Sabel M. Proposed definition of competencies for surgical neuro-oncology training. J Neurooncol. 2021 May;153(1):121-131. doi: 10.1007/s11060-021-03750-6. Epub 2021 Apr 21. PMID: 33881726; PMCID: PMC8131302.
2023
Zhang H, Kahlert UD, Shi W. Editorial: Machine learning-assisted diagnosis and treatment of endocrine-related diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Dec 18;14:1305897. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1305897. PMID: 38164494; PMCID: PMC10758228.
Hu D, Zhang L, Qin B, Wang N, Li X, Shi W. Association between Urinary Lead and Female Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Discov Med. 2023 Dec;35(179):1177-1189. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202335179.114. PMID: 38058083.
Mehjardi NZ, Kessler J, Sanin AY, Picard D, Westhoff P, Nickel AC, Uhlmann C, Shi W, Steiger HJ, Remke M, Fischer I, Vordermark D, Croner RS, Kahlert UD. The development of a hiPSC-based platform to identify tissue-dependencies of IDH1 R132H. Cell Death Discov. 2023 Dec 12;9(1):452. doi: 10.1038/s41420-023-01747-w. PMID: 38086797; PMCID: PMC10716401.
Hu W, Wartmann T, Strecker M, Perrakis A, Croner R, Szallasi A, Shi W, Kahlert UD. Transient receptor potential channels as predictive marker and potential indicator of chemoresistance in colon cancer. Oncology Research, 32(1).
Miao C, He X, Chen G, Kahlert UD, Yao C, Shi W, Su D, Hu L, Zhang Z. Seven oxidative stress-related genes predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY). 2023 Dec 14; 15:15050-15063 . doi: 10.18632/aging.205330.
Shi W, Wartmann T, Accuffi S, Al-Madhi S, Perrakis A, Kahlert C, Link A, Venerito M, Keitel-Anselmino V, Bruns C, Croner RS, Zhao Y, Kahlert UD. Integrating a microRNA signature as a liquid biopsy-based tool for the early diagnosis and prediction of potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 2023 Nov 10. doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02488-4. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37950093.
Wurm LM, Fischer B, Neuschmelting V, Reinecke D, Fischer I, Croner RS, Goldbrunner R, Hacker MC, Dybaś J, Kahlert UD. Rapid, label-free classification of glioblastoma differentiation status combining confocal Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. Analyst. 2023 Nov 20;148(23):6109-6119. doi: 10.1039/d3an01303k. PMID: 37927114.
Schaufler A, Sanin AY, Sandalcioglu IE et al. Concept of a fully-implantable system to monitor tumor recurrence. Sci Rep 13, 16362 (2023). doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43226-3.
Liu S, Xu H, Feng Y, Kahlert UD, Du R, Torres-de la Roche LA, Xu K, Shi W, Meng F. Oxidative stress genes define two subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer with prognostic and therapeutic implications. Front Genet. 2023 Jul 13;14:1230911. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230911. PMID: 37519893; PMCID: PMC10372428.
Yin Q, Yang Q, Shi W, Kahlert UD, Li Z, Lin S, Song Q, Fan W, Wang L, Zhu Y, et al. Mendelian Randomization Analyses of Chronic Immune-Mediated Diseases, Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Cytokines in Relation to Liver Cancer. Cancers . 2023; 15(11):2930. doi: 10.3390/cancers15112930.
Knauer N, Meschaninova M, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Majoral JP, Kahlert UD, Kozlov V, Apartsin EK. Effects of Dendrimer-microRNA Nanoformulations against Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 17;15(3):968. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030968. PMID: 36986829; PMCID: PMC10056969.
Han Y, Drobisch P, Krüger A, William D, Grützmann K, Böthig L, Polster H, Seifert L, Seifert AM, Distler M, Pecqueux M, Riediger C, Plodeck V, Nebelung H, Weber GF, Pilarsky C, Kahlert U, Hinz U, Roth S, Hackert T, Weitz J, Wong FC, Kahlert C. Plasma extracellular vesicle messenger RNA profiling identifies prognostic EV signature for non-invasive risk stratification for survival prediction of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Hematol Oncol. 2023 Feb 3;16(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13045-023-01404-w. PMID: 36737824; PMCID: PMC9896775.
Feng D, Li W, Wu W, Kahlert UD, Gao P, Hu G, Huang X, Shi W, Li H. Chromatin Regulator-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer. J Oncol. 2023 Jan 30;2023:2736932. doi: 10.1155/2023/2736932. PMID: 36755810; PMCID: PMC9902130.
Marquardt V, Theruvath J, Pauck D, Picard D, Qin N, Blümel L, Maue M, Bartl J, Ahmadov U, Langini M, Meyer FD, Cole A, Cruz-Cruz J, Graef CM, Wölfl M, Milde T, Witt O, Erdreich-Epstein A, Leprivier G, Kahlert U, Stefanski A, Stühler K, Keir ST, Bigner DD, Hauer J, Beez T, Knobbe-Thomsen CB, Fischer U, Felsberg J, Hansen FK, Vibhakar R, Venkatraman S, Cheshier SH, Reifenberger G, Borkhardt A, Kurz T, Remke M, Mitra S. Tacedinaline (CI-994), a class I HDAC inhibitor, targets intrinsic tumor growth and leptomeningeal dissemination in MYC-driven medulloblastoma while making them susceptible to anti-CD47-induced macrophage phagocytosis via NF-kB-TGM2 driven tumor inflammation. J Immunother Cancer. 2023 Jan;11(1):e005871. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005871. PMID: 36639156; PMCID: PMC9843227.
2024
H. Cheng, U. D. Kahlert, W. Shi, Editorial: lncRNAs: application in immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy , PubMed PMID: 39119039 PMCID: PMC11306187 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.143877 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39119039/
G. Li, D. Wang, Y. Zhai, C. Pan, J. Zhang, C. Wang, R. Huang, M. Yu, Y. Li, X. Liu, Y. Liu, F. Wu, Z. Zhao, H. Hu, Z. Shi, U. D. Kahlert, T. Jiang, W. Zhang, Glycometabolic reprogramming-induced XRCC1 lactylation confers therapeutic resistance in ALDH1A3-overexpressing glioblastoma , PubMed PMID: 39111285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.011, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39111285/
M. Dölling, M. Rahimli, J. Pachmann, M. Szep, S. Al-Madhi, M. Andric, U. D. Kahlert, T. Hofmann, M. Boettcher, L. E. Muñoz, M. Herrmann, A. Perrakis, R. S. Croner, Hidden Appendicoliths and Their Impact on the Severity and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis , PubMed PMID: 39064205 PMCID: PMC11278186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144166, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39064205/
Chen, J., Zhu, L., Mou, W., Lin, A., Zeng, D., Qi, C., Liu, Z., Jiang, A., Tang, B., Shi, W., Kahlert, U.D., Zhou, J., Guo, S., Lu, X., Sun, X., Ngo, T., Pu, Z., Jia, B., Jeon, C.O., He, Y., Wu, H., Gu, S., Cheungpasitporn, W., Huang, H., Mao, W., Wang, S., Chen, X., Cabannes, L., Ren, G.S.G., Whitaker, I.S., Ali, S., Cheng, Q., Miao, K., Yuan, S. and Luo, P. (2024), STAGER checklist: Standardized testing and assessment guidelines for evaluating generative artificial intelligence reliability. iMetaOmics e7. https://doi.org/10.1002/imo2.7
M. Li , L. Lu , Q. Xiao , A. A. Maalim , B. Nie , Y. Liu , U. D. Kahlert , K. Shu , T. Lei , M. Zhu , Bioengineer mesenchymal stem cell for treatment of glioma by IL-12 mediated microenvironment reprogramming and nCD47-SLAMF7 mediated phagocytosis regulation of macrophages . Exploration 2024 , 20240027. https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20240027
Zhang H, Winter P, Wartmann T, Simioni L, Al-Madhi S, Perrakis A, Croner RS, Shi W, Yu Q, Kahlert UD. Unlocking Clinical Insights: Lymphocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase Candidates as Promising Therapeutic Targets for Pancreatic Cancer Risk Stratification. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2024 Jun 5. doi: 10.1089/cbr.2024.0056. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38837745.
Levy T, Voeltzke K, Hruby L, Alasad K, Bas Z, Snaebjörnsson M, Marciano R, Scharov K, Planque M, Vriens K, Christen S, Funk CM, Hassiepen C, Kahler A, Heider B, Picard D, Lim JKM, Stefanski A, Bendrin K, Vargas-Toscano A, Kahlert UD, Stühler K, Remke M, Elkabets M, Grünewald TGP, Reichert AS, Fendt SM, Schulze A, Reifenberger G, Rotblat B, Leprivier G. mTORC1 regulates cell survival under glucose starvation through 4EBP1/2-mediated translational reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism. Nat Commun. 2024 May 14;15(1):4083. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48386-y. PMID: 38744825; PMCID: PMC11094136.
Kaul M, Sanin AY, Shi W, Janiak C, Kahlert UD. Nanoformulation of dasatinib cannot overcome therapy resistance of pancreatic cancer cells with low LYN kinase expression. Pharmacol Rep. 2024 May 13. doi: 10.1007/s43440-024-00600-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38739359.
Shi W, Wartmann T, Accuffi S, Al-Madhi S, Perrakis A, Kahlert C, Link A, Venerito M, Keitel-Anselmino V, Bruns C, Croner RS, Zhao Y, Kahlert UD. Integrating a microRNA signature as a liquid biopsy-based tool for the early diagnosis and prediction of potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 2024 Jan;130(1):125-134. doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02488-4. Epub 2023 Nov 10. PMID: 37950093; PMCID: PMC10781694.